1st Generation Fighter Jets - An F-16 Fighting Falcon (left), P-51D Mustang (bottom), F-86 Saber (top) and F-22 Raptor (right) fly in formation representing four generations of US fighter jets.
Fighter jets are fixed-wing military aircraft designed for air-to-air combat. In military conflicts, the role of fighter aircraft is to establish air superiority in the battlespace. Air dominance over the battlefield allows bombers and attack aircraft to engage in tactical and strategic bombing of enemy targets.
1st Generation Fighter Jets
The most important characteristics of a fighter include not only its firepower but also its high speed and maneuverability in relation to the target aircraft. The success or failure of a fighter's efforts to achieve air superiority depends on many factors, including the skill of its pilots, the tactical soundness of its doctrine in deploying its fighters, and the number and performance of fighters.
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Many modern fighter aircraft also have secondary capabilities such as ground attack and some types, such as fighter-bombers, were originally designed for both roles. Other fighter designs are more specialized while fulfilling the primary role of air superiority, and these include the interceptor, heavy fighter and night fighter.
A type of giv may be designed for specific combat conditions, and in some cases for additional roles such as air-to-ground combat. Historically, the British Royal Flying Corps and Royal Air Force called them "scouts" until the early 1920s, while the US Army called them "pursuit" aircraft until the late 1940s. Britain moved to calling them fighters in the 1920s
Of these, the Fighter-bomber, Reconnaissance Fighter and Strike Fighter classes play a dual role and have fighter characteristics along with other combat roles. Some fighter designs can be modified into variants that make other roles tedious, such as ground attack or unarmed reconnaissance. This may be for political or national security reasons, for advertising purposes or for other reasons.
The Sopwith Camel and other "fighting scouts" of World War I did a lot of ground attack work. During World War II, the USAAF and RAF often favored fighters over dedicated light bombers or dive bombers, and types such as the Republic P-47 Thunderbolt and Hawker Hurricane were no longer competitive as air combat aircraft. relegated to ground attack. Some aircraft, such as the F-111 and F-117, received fighter jets even though they did not have combat capabilities due to political or other reasons. The F-111B variant was originally intended for a combat role in the US Navy, but it was cancelled. This blur follows the use of fighter aircraft from their early days for "attack" or "assault" operations against ground targets by detonating or dropping small bombs and incendiaries. . Versatile multi-role fighter-bombers such as the McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet are a less extensive option than having a variety of specialized aircraft types.
Four U.s. Air Force Fighter Jets Practice The Inauguration Flyover At Joint Base Langley Eustis, Va., Jan. 19, 2017. The Formation Is Comprised Of Two, Fourth Generation Fighters (f 15 And F 16) Along With
Some of the most expressive fighters such as the American Grumman F-14 Tomcat, McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle, Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor and Russian Sukhoi Su-27 are used as all-weather interceptors as well as air superiority fighters, while always who developed roles from air to ground later in his career. An interceptor is generally an aircraft intended to target (or intercept) bombers and generally trades maneuverability for rate of climb.
As part of military nomenclature, a letter is usually assigned to different types of aircraft to indicate their use, with a number to identify the specific aircraft. The letters used to identify a warrior are different in different countries. In the English-speaking world "F" is now commonly used to denote a fighter (eg Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II or Supermarine Spitfire F.22), although "P" used to be used in the US for fighter ( eg Curtiss P-40 Warhawk), a translation of Frch "C" (Dewoitine D.520 C.1) for Chasseur while in Russia "I" is used for Istrebitel, or exterminator (Polikarpov I-16).
As fighter types proliferate, the air superiority fighter emerges as a specific role at the pinnacle of speed, maneuverability and air-to-air weapon systems - able to hold its own against all other fighters. and establish his dominance in the skies above the battlefield.
The Interceptor is a combat aircraft designed to intercept and engage incoming Emy aircraft. There are two general types of interceptor: relatively light aircraft in the point defce role, built for quick reaction, high performance and short range, and heavier aircraft with more avionics and designed to fly at night or in all weathers and operate for longer periods of time. distance. Beginning during the First World War, in 1929 this type of fighter was known as the interceptor.
F 16 Fighting Falcon Multirole Fighter, United States Of America
The equipment required for day flying is not sufficient when flying at night or in poor visibility. The night fighter was developed during the First World War with additional equipment to help the pilot to fly straight, navigate and find the target. From modified variants of the Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.2c in 1915, the night fighter had evolved into a highly capable all-weather fighter.
The strategic fighter is a fast, heavily armed and long-range type, capable of acting as an escort fighter that protects bombers, conducts its own offensive sorties as a penetration fighter and maintains standing patrols at significant distances from its base.
Bombers are vulnerable due to their slow speed, large size and poor maneuverability. The escort fighter was developed during World War II to come between bombers and enemy attackers as a protective shield. The main requirement is long range, with many heavy fighters providing the role. But even they proved to be unwieldy and weak, so as the war progressed, technologies like drop tanks were developed to extend the range of more agile fighters.
The penetration fighter is also usually equipped for the ground attack role, and can therefore defend itself while conducting these types of attacks.
Fourth Generation Fighter
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Since World War I, achieving and maintaining air superiority has been considered essential to victory in conventional warfare.
Fighters continued to be developed during World War I, to complement the ability of aircraft and dirigibles to gather information through battlefield reconnaissance. Early fighters were very small and lightly armed by later standards, and most were biplanes built with a wooden frame covered with fabric and a maximum airspeed of around 100 mph (160 km/h). As air control of armies became more important, all major powers developed fighter aircraft to support their military operations. Between the wars, wood was largely replaced by partially or fully metal tubes, and finally aluminum skin structures (monocoque) began to dominate.
In World War II, most all-metal fighter aircraft were equipped with machine gun batteries or cannons and some were capable of speeds of nearly 400 mph (640 km/h). Most fighters up to this point had a single gine, but many twin-gine fighters were built; but they were found to be no match against single-engine fighters and were relegated to other tasks, such as night fighters with primitive radar arrays.
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At the end of the war, turbojet engines replaced piston engines as a means of propulsion, which further increased the speed of the aircraft. Since the weight of the turbojet gine is less than that of the piston gine, having two gines is no longer a handicap and one or two are used, depending on the requirements. This in turn required the development of ejection seats to allow the pilot to escape, and G-suits to counter the greater forces exerted by the pilot during maneuvers.
In the 1950s, radars were fitted to daytime fighter aircraft, as pilots could no longer see ahead to prepare for the opposition due to the increasing air-to-air arm ranges. Subsequently, radar capability has grown significantly and is now the primary method of target acquisition.
The wings were made thinner and swept back to reduce transonic drag, which required new manufacturing methods to gain sufficient strength. The skins are no longer sheets of metal attached to a structure, but milled from large sheets of alloy. The sound barrier was broken, and after several false starts due to the necessary adjustments to the controls, speeds quickly reached Mach 2, beyond which the aircraft could not maneuver enough to avoid attack.
Air-to-air missiles largely replaced guns and rockets in the early 1960s because both were considered useless at the speeds achieved, but the Vietnam War showed that guns had a role playing, and most fighters are built as such with guns (usually between 20 and 30 mm (0.79 and 1.18 in) in caliber) in addition to missiles. Most modern fighter jets can carry at least two air-to-air missiles.
Modern U.s. Fighter Jet Primer
In the 1970s, turbofans replaced turbojets, which improved fuel economy even as the final support piston aircraft could be replaced by jets, making multi-role fighter aircraft possible. Honeycomb structures began to replace milled structures, and the first composite components began to appear as components subjected to low stress.
United States Air Force F-22 Raptor and F-35 Lightning II fighter jets on Florida's Emerald Coast
With the constant development of computers, defense systems have become more effective. To prevent this,
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